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نقش بميناء سوداء جـ نقوش - translation to English
![The investiture of [[Ardashir I]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bas relief nagsh-e-rostam couronnement.jpg?width=200 "The investiture of [[Ardashir I]]")
![The investiture of [[Narseh]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 08.jpg?width=200 "The investiture of [[Narseh]]")
![Valerian]] and [[Philip the Arab]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 12.jpg?width=200 "Valerian]] and [[Philip the Arab]]")
![Cube of Zoroaster]], a cube-shaped construction in the foreground, against the backdrop of Naqsh-e Rostam](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 14.jpg?width=200 "Cube of Zoroaster]], a cube-shaped construction in the foreground, against the backdrop of Naqsh-e Rostam")
![A 17th-century drawing of Naqsh e Rostam, by [[Jean Chardin]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Naqsh-eRostam Chardin.jpg?width=200 "A 17th-century drawing of Naqsh e Rostam, by [[Jean Chardin]]")
![[[Ka'ba-ye Zartosht]] in foreground, with behind the Tomb of Darius II above Sassanid equestrian relief of [[Bahram II]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Naqsh-e Rustam necropolis in Iran.jpg?width=200 "[[Ka'ba-ye Zartosht]] in foreground, with behind the Tomb of Darius II above Sassanid equestrian relief of [[Bahram II]].")
![The equestrian relief of [[Hormizd II]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Naqsherostam37.jpg?width=200 "The equestrian relief of [[Hormizd II]]")
![The ''grandee'' relief of [[Bahram II]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Naqsherostam46.jpg?width=200 "The ''grandee'' relief of [[Bahram II]]")
![language=en}}</ref> One of the best preserved is that of [[Xerxes I]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Xerxes all ethnicities.jpg?width=200 "language=en}}</ref> One of the best preserved is that of [[Xerxes I]].")
![Upper register of the Achaemenid Tomb of [[Xerxes I]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Xerxes tomb at Naqsh-e Rostam- upper register (4614878357).jpg?width=200 "Upper register of the Achaemenid Tomb of [[Xerxes I]]")
.jpg?width=200 "First equestrian relief.")
![[[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] on the lower panel.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hormizd I Kushanshah on the Naqsh-e Rustam Bahram II panel.jpg?width=200 "[[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] on the lower panel.")
niello (N)
.jpg?width=200)
![Mosan]], c. 1230](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Arm Reliquary MET cdi47-101-33d1.jpg?width=200 "Mosan]], c. 1230")
![Detail of a Late Roman [[silver-gilt]] buckle from [[Gaul]], c. 400 AD](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Belt Buckle MET dp30270.jpg?width=200 "Detail of a Late Roman [[silver-gilt]] buckle from [[Gaul]], c. 400 AD")
![full image]]</ref>](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Hunting Mycenaean Dagger.jpg?width=200 "full image]]</ref>")
![[[Sasanian]] bowl with niello stripes on tiger, and fruit, 6th or 7th century](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Oval bowl with running tigresses on each side MET DT6191 (cropped).jpg?width=200 "[[Sasanian]] bowl with niello stripes on tiger, and fruit, 6th or 7th century")
![Reliquary casket with scenes from the Martyrdom of Saint [[Thomas Becket]], c. 1170s, [[The Cloisters]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Reliquary Casket with Scenes from the Martyrdom of Saint Thomas Becket MET h1 17.190.520.jpg?width=200 "Reliquary casket with scenes from the Martyrdom of Saint [[Thomas Becket]], c. 1170s, [[The Cloisters]]")
![Anglo-Saxon]] gold belt buckle with discreet niello bringing out the interlace, from [[Sutton Hoo]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sutton Hoo belt buckle.jpg?width=200 "Anglo-Saxon]] gold belt buckle with discreet niello bringing out the interlace, from [[Sutton Hoo]]")
![The [[Fuller Brooch]], Anglo-Saxon, 9th century](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Brit Mus Fuller Brooch.jpg?width=200 "The [[Fuller Brooch]], Anglo-Saxon, 9th century")
![Anglo-Saxon silver strap end in the [[Trewhiddle style]], now only with traces of niello left. 9th century](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Early medieval silver strap end (FindID 538973).jpg?width=200 "Anglo-Saxon silver strap end in the [[Trewhiddle style]], now only with traces of niello left. 9th century")
![Niello-filled lettering on the side of the [[Imperial Cross]], c. 1024-25](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Weltliche Schatzkammer Wien (185).JPG?width=200 "Niello-filled lettering on the side of the [[Imperial Cross]], c. 1024-25")
![pax]], early 1460s, probably by [[Maso Finiguerra]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Maso finiguerra, crocifissione, 1460-64 ca. (bargello).JPG?width=200 "pax]], early 1460s, probably by [[Maso Finiguerra]]")
![pax]], c. 1490, circle of the engraver [[Martin Schongauer]], showing a close relationship to the printed engraving style.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pax Amerbach Cabinet HMB 1878-42 c7586 (cropped).jpg?width=200 "pax]], c. 1490, circle of the engraver [[Martin Schongauer]], showing a close relationship to the printed engraving style.")
![Niello print, 2 inches high, 1500-1520. Orpheus seated and playing his lyre, by [[Peregrino da Cesena]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Orpheus seated and playing his lyre, charming the animals MET DP860466.jpg?width=200 "Niello print, 2 inches high, 1500-1520. Orpheus seated and playing his lyre, by [[Peregrino da Cesena]]")
![[[Rococo]] table snuff-box with shell body. Probably [[Veliky Ustyug]], c. 1745–50](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Table snuffbox MET ES5506.jpg?width=200 "[[Rococo]] table snuff-box with shell body. Probably [[Veliky Ustyug]], c. 1745–50")
![Niello accents on the lock of the ivory "Box of Zamora", 900-964, [[Al-Andaluz]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BoteZamora01-1-.JPG?width=200 "Niello accents on the lock of the ivory \"Box of Zamora\", 900-964, [[Al-Andaluz]]")
![Seljuk]] dish, c. 1200](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tripod dish, Iran, Seljuk period, late 12th or early 13th century AD, silver with gilt, engraving, and niello - Cincinnati Art Museum - DSC04010.JPG?width=200 "Seljuk]] dish, c. 1200")
.jpg?width=200 "15th century box, brass with silver and niello, perhaps from Egypt")
![Ntello ihe top zonarea a helmet from [[Crimea]] or South Russia, 1818–19](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Helmet MET DP153240.jpg?width=200 "Ntello ihe top zonarea a helmet from [[Crimea]] or South Russia, 1818–19")
![Kubachi]], [[Dagestan]], 1800–1850](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dagger (Kindjal) with Scabbard MET sfsb26.35.8a(5-15-07)s2d1.jpeg?width=200 "Kubachi]], [[Dagestan]], 1800–1850")
![Kubachi]], [[Dagestan]], 1800–1850, also with silver and gold](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Flintlock Rifle MET DP166297.jpg?width=200 "Kubachi]], [[Dagestan]], 1800–1850, also with silver and gold")
نقش بميناء سوداء جـ نقوش
VT
نقس ميناء سوداء
.jpg?width=200)
![ثيوفراستوس]] يعد ''أبا علم النبات''](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Theophrastus.jpg?width=200 "ثيوفراستوس]] يعد ''أبا علم النبات''")
Wikipedia
Naqsh-e Rostam (lit. mural of Rostam, Persian: نقش رستم [ˌnæɣʃeɾosˈtæm]) is an ancient archeological site and necropolis located about 12 km northwest of Persepolis, in Fars Province, Iran. A collection of ancient Iranian rock reliefs are cut into the face of the mountain and the mountain contains the final resting place of four Achaemenid kings, notably king Darius the Great and his son, Xerxes. This site is of great significance to the history of Iran and to Iranians, as it contains various archeological sites carved into the rock wall through time for more than a millennium from the Elamites and Achaemenids to Sassanians. It lies a few hundred meters from Naqsh-e Rajab, with a further four Sassanid rock reliefs, three celebrating kings and one a high priest.
Naqsh-e Rostam is the necropolis of the Achaemenid dynasty (c. 550–330 BC), with four large tombs cut high into the cliff face. These have mainly architectural decoration, but the facades include large panels over the doorways, each very similar in content, with figures of the king being invested by a god, above a zone with rows of smaller figures bearing tribute, with soldiers and officials. The three classes of figures are sharply differentiated in size. The entrance to each tomb is at the center of each cross, which opens onto a small chamber, where the king lay in a sarcophagus.
Well below the Achaemenid tombs, near ground level, are rock reliefs with large figures of Sassanian kings, some meeting gods, others in combat. The most famous shows the Sassanian king Shapur I on horseback, with the Roman Emperor Valerian bowing to him in submission, and Philip the Arab (an earlier emperor who paid Shapur tribute) holding Shapur's horse, while the dead Emperor Gordian III, killed in battle, lies beneath it (other identifications have been suggested). This commemorates the Battle of Edessa in AD 260, when Valerian became the only Roman Emperor who was captured as a prisoner of war, a lasting humiliation for the Romans. The placing of these reliefs clearly suggests the Sassanid intention to link themselves with the glories of the earlier Achaemenid Empire.
